{"id":26807,"date":"2020-05-26T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-25T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/?p=26807"},"modified":"2021-02-03T17:07:55","modified_gmt":"2021-02-03T06:07:55","slug":"astronomers-see-cosmic-ring-of-fire-11-billion-years-ago","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/astronomers-see-cosmic-ring-of-fire-11-billion-years-ago\/","title":{"rendered":"Astronomers see \u2018cosmic ring of fire\u2019, 11 billion years ago"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Astronomers have captured an image of a super-rare type of galaxy \u2013 described as a \u201ccosmic ring of fire\u201d \u2013 as it existed 11 billion years ago.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The galaxy, which has roughly the mass of the Milky Way, is circular with a hole in the middle, rather like a titanic doughnut. Its discovery, announced in the journal<\/a> Nature Astronomy<\/em>, is set to shake up theories about the earliest formation of galactic structures and how they evolve.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cIt is a very curious object that we\u2019ve never seen before,\u201d said lead researcher Dr Tiantian Yuan, from Australia\u2019s ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D). \u201cIt looks strange and familiar at the same time.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The galaxy, named R5519, is 11 billion light-years from the Solar System. The hole at its centre is truly massive, with a diameter two billion times longer than the distance between the Earth and the Sun. To put it another way, it is three million times\u00a0<\/span>bigger than the diameter of the supermassive black hole in the galaxy Messier 87, which in 2019 became the first ever to be directly imaged.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cIt is making stars at a rate 50 times greater than the Milky Way,\u201d said Dr Yuan, who is an ASTRO 3D Fellow based at the Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing at Swinburne University of Technology, in the state of Victoria.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cMost of that activity is taking place on its ring \u2013 so it truly is a ring of fire.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Working with colleagues from around Australia, US, Canada, Belgium and Denmark, Dr Yuan used spectroscopic data gathered by the WM Keck Observatory in Hawaii and images recorded by NASA\u2019s Hubble Space Telescope to identify the unusual structure.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\"\" A composite image of the ring galaxy R5519 compiled from single-colour images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Credit<\/em>: Tiantian Yuan\/Hubble Space Telescope\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

The evidence suggests it is a type known as a \u201ccollisional ring galaxy\u201d, making it the first one ever located in the early Universe.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

There are two kinds of ring galaxies. The more common type forms because of internal processes. Collisional ones form \u2013 as the name suggests \u2013 as a result of immense and violent encounters with other galaxies.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_video src_webm=”http:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ring-Galaxy-Animation-1-1.mp4″ image_src=”http:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ring-galaxy-artist-still-James-Josephides.jpg” thumbnail_overlay_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.6)” _builder_version=”4.4.2″][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.2″ hover_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\r\n

An artist\u2019s impression of how the ring galaxy formed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Credit<\/em>: James Josephides, Swinburne Astronomy Productions<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

In the nearby \u201clocal\u201d Universe they are 1000 times rarer than the internally created type. Images of the much more distant R5519 stem from about 10.8 billion years ago, just three billion years after the Big Bang. They indicate that collisional ring galaxies have always been extremely uncommon.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

ASTRO 3D co-author, Dr Ahmed Elagali, based at the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research in Western Australia, said studying R5519 would help determine when spiral galaxies began to develop.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cFurther, constraining the number density of ring galaxies through cosmic time can also be used to put constraints on the assembly and evolution of local-like galaxy groups,\u201d he added.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Another co-author, Professor Kenneth Freeman from the Australian National University, said the discovery had implications for understanding how galaxies like the Milky Way formed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cThe collisional formation of\u00a0ring galaxies requires a thin disk to be present in the \u2018victim\u2019 galaxy before the collision occurs,\u201d he explained.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cThe thin disk is the defining component of spiral galaxies: before it assembled, the galaxies were in a disorderly state, not yet recognisable as spiral galaxies.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cIn the case of this ring galaxy, we are looking back into the early universe by 11 billion years, into a time when thin disks were only just assembling.\u00a0For comparison, the thin disk of our Milky Way began to come together only about nine billion years ago.\u00a0This discovery is an indication that disk assembly in spiral galaxies occurred over a more extended period than previously thought.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Drs Yuan and Elagali, and Professor Freeman, worked with colleagues from the University of New South Wales, Macquarie University, and University of Queensland, all in Australia, together with others at\u00a0 the Cosmic Dawn Centre (DAWN) in Denmark, Texas A&M University in the US, York University in Canada, and Ghent University in Belgium.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

More information:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Media contacts<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dr Tiantian Yuan is available for interview: tiantianyuan@swin.edu.au<\/a>; +61 404 029 550<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dr Ahmed Elagali is available for interview: ahmedagali70@gmail.com; +61 410 418 232<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Further assistance: Andrew Masterson: andrew@scienceinpublic.com.au<\/a>; +61 488 777 179<\/span>
Niall Byrne:
niall@scienceinpublic.com.au<\/a>; +61 417 131 977<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Paper details: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Title: <\/strong>A giant galaxy in the young universe with a massive ring<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n

DOI: 10.1038\/s41550-020-1102-7<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tiantian Yuan1,2<\/sup>, Ahmed Elagali3,2<\/sup>, Ivo Labbe1<\/sup>, Glenn G. Kacprzak1,2<\/sup>, Claudia del P. Lagos3,2,4<\/sup>, Leo Y. Alcorn5,6<\/sup>, Jonathan H. Cohn5,<\/sup> Kim-Vy H. Tran5,7,2<\/sup>, Karl Glazebrook1,2, <\/sup>Brent A. Groves3,8,2<\/sup>, Kenneth C. Freeman8<\/sup>, Lee R. Spitler9,10,2, <\/sup>Caroline M. S. Straatman11<\/sup>, Deanne B. Fisher1<\/sup>, Sarah M. Sweet1,2,12<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\r\n

1 Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2 ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), Australia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

3 International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), M468, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

4 Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Denmark.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

5 George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

6 Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, MJ3 1P3.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

7 School of Physics, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

8 Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

9 Research Centre for Astronomy, Astrophysics & Astrophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

10 Department of Physics & Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

11 Sterrenkundige Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S9, 9000 Gent, Belgium.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

12 School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Funding: <\/strong>ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":272,"featured_media":26815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,19,2,7,8,11],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-26807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-first-galaxies","category-galaxy-evolution","category-news","category-science","category-swinburne","category-uwa"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAstronomers see \u2018cosmic ring of fire\u2019, 11 billion years ago - ASTRO 3D<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/astronomers-see-cosmic-ring-of-fire-11-billion-years-ago\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Astronomers see \u2018cosmic ring of fire\u2019, 11 billion years ago - ASTRO 3D\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/astronomers-see-cosmic-ring-of-fire-11-billion-years-ago\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ASTRO 3D\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-05-25T15:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-02-03T06:07:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ring-galaxy-artist-still-James-Josephides-1-1-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2547\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bill Condie\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bill Condie\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/astronomers-see-cosmic-ring-of-fire-11-billion-years-ago\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/astronomers-see-cosmic-ring-of-fire-11-billion-years-ago\/\",\"name\":\"Astronomers see \u2018cosmic ring of fire\u2019, 11 billion years ago - ASTRO 3D\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/astronomers-see-cosmic-ring-of-fire-11-billion-years-ago\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/astronomers-see-cosmic-ring-of-fire-11-billion-years-ago\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ring-galaxy-artist-still-James-Josephides-1-1-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-25T15:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-02-03T06:07:55+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/#\/schema\/person\/7c1aa497dff77978dae78be2b4ef07cf\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/astronomers-see-cosmic-ring-of-fire-11-billion-years-ago\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/astronomers-see-cosmic-ring-of-fire-11-billion-years-ago\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/astronomers-see-cosmic-ring-of-fire-11-billion-years-ago\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ring-galaxy-artist-still-James-Josephides-1-1-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/astro3d.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ring-galaxy-artist-still-James-Josephides-1-1-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2547,\"height\":2560,\"caption\":\"An artist\u2019s impression of the ring galaxy. 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