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Extragalactic jets originate from the immediate vicinity of supermassive black holes. They interact with their environment forming radio lobes with sufficient cross section to cause galaxy-wide effects. Studying the interaction of jets with their environment therefore promises insights into the surroundings of black holes, and effects on galaxy evolution. I will show simulation studies of the jet environment interaction. Comparison with observations allow us to constrain the conditions in the vicinity of the supermassive black holes. A particular, long-standing question is what the jets are made of, again related to processes in the immediate vicinity of black holes. For a Galactic jet source, Mikroquasar V404, we have detected positrons directly by their annihilation signature in MeV spectra with INTEGRAL, with implications for all black-hole jet systems. Our simulations also provide some insight into heating of the intracluster medium and effects of magnetic fields in and around radio lobes. In gas-rich galaxies, jets clear out gas in some parts of the galaxy, but overall lead to enhanced star formation due to the high pressure applied by the radio lobes. A signature of jet-induced stars is their high velocity. Such stars are observed in the Milky Way and may plausibly have been produced by a recent jet-outburst of SGR A*, which might also have produced the FERMI bubbles and the excess of positrons currently annihilating in the bulge of the Milky Way. |
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